Thi thử VSTEP đề 3 Reading test 4 Part 1

READING
Directions: In this section of the test, you will read FOUR different passages, each followed by 10 questions about it. For questions 1-40, you are to choose the best answer A, B, C, or D to each question. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen. Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage.
Time allowance: You have 60 minutes to answer all the questions, including the time to transfer your answers to the answer sheet.

PASSAGE 1 QUESTIONS 1 - 10

Scientists do not yet thoroughly understand just how the body of an individual becomes sensitive to a substance that is harmless or even wholesome for the average person. Milk, wheat, and egg, for example, rank among the most healthful and widely used foods. Yet these foods can cause persons sensitive to them to suffer greatly. At first, the body of the individual is not harmed by coming into contact with the substance. After a varying interval of time, usually longer than a few weeks, the body becomes sensitive to it, and an allergy has began to develop. Sometimes it's hard to figure out if you have a food allergy, since it can show up in so many different ways. Your symptoms could be caused by many other problems. You may have rashes, hives, joint pains mimicking arthritis, headaches, irritability, or depression. The most common food allergies are to milk, eggs, seafood, wheat, nuts, seeds, chocolate, oranges, and tomatoes. Many of these allergies will not develop if these foods are not fed to an infant until her or his intestines mature at around seven months. Breast milk also tends to be protective.

Migraines can be set off by foods containing tyramine, phenethylamine, monosodium glutamate, or sodium nitrate. Common foods which contain these are chocolate, aged cheeses, sour cream, red wine, pickled herring, chicken livers, avocados, ripe bananas, cured meats, many Oriental and prepared foods (read the labels!). Some people have been successful in treating their migraines with supplements of B-vitamins, particularly B6 and niacin. Children who are hyperactive may benefit from eliminating food additives, especially colorings, and foods high in salicylates from their diets. A few of these are almonds, green peppers, peaches, tea, and grapes. This is the diet made popular by Benjamin Feingold, who has written the book “Why Your Child is Hyperactive”. Other researchers have had mixed results when testing whether the diet is effective.

READING
Directions: In this section of the test, you will read FOUR different passages, each followed by 10 questions about it. For questions 1-40, you are to choose the best answer A, B, C, or D to each question. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen. Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage.
Time allowance: You have 60 minutes to answer all the questions, including the time to transfer your answers to the answer sheet.

PASSAGE 1 QUESTIONS 1 - 10

Scientists do not yet thoroughly understand just how the body of an individual becomes sensitive to a substance that is harmless or even wholesome for the average person. Milk, wheat, and egg, for example, rank among the most healthful and widely used foods. Yet these foods can cause persons sensitive to them to suffer greatly. At first, the body of the individual is not harmed by coming into contact with the substance. After a varying interval of time, usually longer than a few weeks, the body becomes sensitive to it, and an allergy has began to develop. Sometimes it's hard to figure out if you have a food allergy, since it can show up in so many different ways. Your symptoms could be caused by many other problems. You may have rashes, hives, joint pains mimicking arthritis, headaches, irritability, or depression. The most common food allergies are to milk, eggs, seafood, wheat, nuts, seeds, chocolate, oranges, and tomatoes. Many of these allergies will not develop if these foods are not fed to an infant until her or his intestines mature at around seven months. Breast milk also tends to be protective.

Migraines can be set off by foods containing tyramine, phenethylamine, monosodium glutamate, or sodium nitrate. Common foods which contain these are chocolate, aged cheeses, sour cream, red wine, pickled herring, chicken livers, avocados, ripe bananas, cured meats, many Oriental and prepared foods (read the labels!). Some people have been successful in treating their migraines with supplements of B-vitamins, particularly B6 and niacin. Children who are hyperactive may benefit from eliminating food additives, especially colorings, and foods high in salicylates from their diets. A few of these are almonds, green peppers, peaches, tea, and grapes. This is the diet made popular by Benjamin Feingold, who has written the book “Why Your Child is Hyperactive”. Other researchers have had mixed results when testing whether the diet is effective.

READING
Directions: In this section of the test, you will read FOUR different passages, each followed by 10 questions about it. For questions 1-40, you are to choose the best answer A, B, C, or D to each question. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen. Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage.
Time allowance: You have 60 minutes to answer all the questions, including the time to transfer your answers to the answer sheet.

PASSAGE 1 QUESTIONS 1 - 10

Scientists do not yet thoroughly understand just how the body of an individual becomes sensitive to a substance that is harmless or even wholesome for the average person. Milk, wheat, and egg, for example, rank among the most healthful and widely used foods. Yet these foods can cause persons sensitive to them to suffer greatly. At first, the body of the individual is not harmed by coming into contact with the substance. After a varying interval of time, usually longer than a few weeks, the body becomes sensitive to it, and an allergy has began to develop. Sometimes it's hard to figure out if you have a food allergy, since it can show up in so many different ways. Your symptoms could be caused by many other problems. You may have rashes, hives, joint pains mimicking arthritis, headaches, irritability, or depression. The most common food allergies are to milk, eggs, seafood, wheat, nuts, seeds, chocolate, oranges, and tomatoes. Many of these allergies will not develop if these foods are not fed to an infant until her or his intestines mature at around seven months. Breast milk also tends to be protective.

Migraines can be set off by foods containing tyramine, phenethylamine, monosodium glutamate, or sodium nitrate. Common foods which contain these are chocolate, aged cheeses, sour cream, red wine, pickled herring, chicken livers, avocados, ripe bananas, cured meats, many Oriental and prepared foods (read the labels!). Some people have been successful in treating their migraines with supplements of B-vitamins, particularly B6 and niacin. Children who are hyperactive may benefit from eliminating food additives, especially colorings, and foods high in salicylates from their diets. A few of these are almonds, green peppers, peaches, tea, and grapes. This is the diet made popular by Benjamin Feingold, who has written the book “Why Your Child is Hyperactive”. Other researchers have had mixed results when testing whether the diet is effective.

READING
Directions: In this section of the test, you will read FOUR different passages, each followed by 10 questions about it. For questions 1-40, you are to choose the best answer A, B, C, or D to each question. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen. Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage.
Time allowance: You have 60 minutes to answer all the questions, including the time to transfer your answers to the answer sheet.

PASSAGE 1 QUESTIONS 1 - 10

Scientists do not yet thoroughly understand just how the body of an individual becomes sensitive to a substance that is harmless or even wholesome for the average person. Milk, wheat, and egg, for example, rank among the most healthful and widely used foods. Yet these foods can cause persons sensitive to them to suffer greatly. At first, the body of the individual is not harmed by coming into contact with the substance. After a varying interval of time, usually longer than a few weeks, the body becomes sensitive to it, and an allergy has began to develop. Sometimes it's hard to figure out if you have a food allergy, since it can show up in so many different ways. Your symptoms could be caused by many other problems. You may have rashes, hives, joint pains mimicking arthritis, headaches, irritability, or depression. The most common food allergies are to milk, eggs, seafood, wheat, nuts, seeds, chocolate, oranges, and tomatoes. Many of these allergies will not develop if these foods are not fed to an infant until her or his intestines mature at around seven months. Breast milk also tends to be protective.

Migraines can be set off by foods containing tyramine, phenethylamine, monosodium glutamate, or sodium nitrate. Common foods which contain these are chocolate, aged cheeses, sour cream, red wine, pickled herring, chicken livers, avocados, ripe bananas, cured meats, many Oriental and prepared foods (read the labels!). Some people have been successful in treating their migraines with supplements of B-vitamins, particularly B6 and niacin. Children who are hyperactive may benefit from eliminating food additives, especially colorings, and foods high in salicylates from their diets. A few of these are almonds, green peppers, peaches, tea, and grapes. This is the diet made popular by Benjamin Feingold, who has written the book “Why Your Child is Hyperactive”. Other researchers have had mixed results when testing whether the diet is effective.

READING
Directions: In this section of the test, you will read FOUR different passages, each followed by 10 questions about it. For questions 1-40, you are to choose the best answer A, B, C, or D to each question. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen. Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage.
Time allowance: You have 60 minutes to answer all the questions, including the time to transfer your answers to the answer sheet.

PASSAGE 1 QUESTIONS 1 - 10

Scientists do not yet thoroughly understand just how the body of an individual becomes sensitive to a substance that is harmless or even wholesome for the average person. Milk, wheat, and egg, for example, rank among the most healthful and widely used foods. Yet these foods can cause persons sensitive to them to suffer greatly. At first, the body of the individual is not harmed by coming into contact with the substance. After a varying interval of time, usually longer than a few weeks, the body becomes sensitive to it, and an allergy has began to develop. Sometimes it's hard to figure out if you have a food allergy, since it can show up in so many different ways. Your symptoms could be caused by many other problems. You may have rashes, hives, joint pains mimicking arthritis, headaches, irritability, or depression. The most common food allergies are to milk, eggs, seafood, wheat, nuts, seeds, chocolate, oranges, and tomatoes. Many of these allergies will not develop if these foods are not fed to an infant until her or his intestines mature at around seven months. Breast milk also tends to be protective.

Migraines can be set off by foods containing tyramine, phenethylamine, monosodium glutamate, or sodium nitrate. Common foods which contain these are chocolate, aged cheeses, sour cream, red wine, pickled herring, chicken livers, avocados, ripe bananas, cured meats, many Oriental and prepared foods (read the labels!). Some people have been successful in treating their migraines with supplements of B-vitamins, particularly B6 and niacin. Children who are hyperactive may benefit from eliminating food additives, especially colorings, and foods high in salicylates from their diets. A few of these are almonds, green peppers, peaches, tea, and grapes. This is the diet made popular by Benjamin Feingold, who has written the book “Why Your Child is Hyperactive”. Other researchers have had mixed results when testing whether the diet is effective.

READING
Directions: In this section of the test, you will read FOUR different passages, each followed by 10 questions about it. For questions 1-40, you are to choose the best answer A, B, C, or D to each question. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen. Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage.
Time allowance: You have 60 minutes to answer all the questions, including the time to transfer your answers to the answer sheet.

PASSAGE 1 QUESTIONS 1 - 10

Scientists do not yet thoroughly understand just how the body of an individual becomes sensitive to a substance that is harmless or even wholesome for the average person. Milk, wheat, and egg, for example, rank among the most healthful and widely used foods. Yet these foods can cause persons sensitive to them to suffer greatly. At first, the body of the individual is not harmed by coming into contact with the substance. After a varying interval of time, usually longer than a few weeks, the body becomes sensitive to it, and an allergy has began to develop. Sometimes it's hard to figure out if you have a food allergy, since it can show up in so many different ways. Your symptoms could be caused by many other problems. You may have rashes, hives, joint pains mimicking arthritis, headaches, irritability, or depression. The most common food allergies are to milk, eggs, seafood, wheat, nuts, seeds, chocolate, oranges, and tomatoes. Many of these allergies will not develop if these foods are not fed to an infant until her or his intestines mature at around seven months. Breast milk also tends to be protective.

Migraines can be set off by foods containing tyramine, phenethylamine, monosodium glutamate, or sodium nitrate. Common foods which contain these are chocolate, aged cheeses, sour cream, red wine, pickled herring, chicken livers, avocados, ripe bananas, cured meats, many Oriental and prepared foods (read the labels!). Some people have been successful in treating their migraines with supplements of B-vitamins, particularly B6 and niacin. Children who are hyperactive may benefit from eliminating food additives, especially colorings, and foods high in salicylates from their diets. A few of these are almonds, green peppers, peaches, tea, and grapes. This is the diet made popular by Benjamin Feingold, who has written the book “Why Your Child is Hyperactive”. Other researchers have had mixed results when testing whether the diet is effective.

READING
Directions: In this section of the test, you will read FOUR different passages, each followed by 10 questions about it. For questions 1-40, you are to choose the best answer A, B, C, or D to each question. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen. Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage.
Time allowance: You have 60 minutes to answer all the questions, including the time to transfer your answers to the answer sheet.

PASSAGE 1 QUESTIONS 1 - 10

Scientists do not yet thoroughly understand just how the body of an individual becomes sensitive to a substance that is harmless or even wholesome for the average person. Milk, wheat, and egg, for example, rank among the most healthful and widely used foods. Yet these foods can cause persons sensitive to them to suffer greatly. At first, the body of the individual is not harmed by coming into contact with the substance. After a varying interval of time, usually longer than a few weeks, the body becomes sensitive to it, and an allergy has began to develop. Sometimes it's hard to figure out if you have a food allergy, since it can show up in so many different ways. Your symptoms could be caused by many other problems. You may have rashes, hives, joint pains mimicking arthritis, headaches, irritability, or depression. The most common food allergies are to milk, eggs, seafood, wheat, nuts, seeds, chocolate, oranges, and tomatoes. Many of these allergies will not develop if these foods are not fed to an infant until her or his intestines mature at around seven months. Breast milk also tends to be protective.

Migraines can be set off by foods containing tyramine, phenethylamine, monosodium glutamate, or sodium nitrate. Common foods which contain these are chocolate, aged cheeses, sour cream, red wine, pickled herring, chicken livers, avocados, ripe bananas, cured meats, many Oriental and prepared foods (read the labels!). Some people have been successful in treating their migraines with supplements of B-vitamins, particularly B6 and niacin. Children who are hyperactive may benefit from eliminating food additives, especially colorings, and foods high in salicylates from their diets. A few of these are almonds, green peppers, peaches, tea, and grapes. This is the diet made popular by Benjamin Feingold, who has written the book “Why Your Child is Hyperactive”. Other researchers have had mixed results when testing whether the diet is effective.

READING
Directions: In this section of the test, you will read FOUR different passages, each followed by 10 questions about it. For questions 1-40, you are to choose the best answer A, B, C, or D to each question. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen. Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage.
Time allowance: You have 60 minutes to answer all the questions, including the time to transfer your answers to the answer sheet.

PASSAGE 1 QUESTIONS 1 - 10

Scientists do not yet thoroughly understand just how the body of an individual becomes sensitive to a substance that is harmless or even wholesome for the average person. Milk, wheat, and egg, for example, rank among the most healthful and widely used foods. Yet these foods can cause persons sensitive to them to suffer greatly. At first, the body of the individual is not harmed by coming into contact with the substance. After a varying interval of time, usually longer than a few weeks, the body becomes sensitive to it, and an allergy has began to develop. Sometimes it's hard to figure out if you have a food allergy, since it can show up in so many different ways. Your symptoms could be caused by many other problems. You may have rashes, hives, joint pains mimicking arthritis, headaches, irritability, or depression. The most common food allergies are to milk, eggs, seafood, wheat, nuts, seeds, chocolate, oranges, and tomatoes. Many of these allergies will not develop if these foods are not fed to an infant until her or his intestines mature at around seven months. Breast milk also tends to be protective.

Migraines can be set off by foods containing tyramine, phenethylamine, monosodium glutamate, or sodium nitrate. Common foods which contain these are chocolate, aged cheeses, sour cream, red wine, pickled herring, chicken livers, avocados, ripe bananas, cured meats, many Oriental and prepared foods (read the labels!). Some people have been successful in treating their migraines with supplements of B-vitamins, particularly B6 and niacin. Children who are hyperactive may benefit from eliminating food additives, especially colorings, and foods high in salicylates from their diets. A few of these are almonds, green peppers, peaches, tea, and grapes. This is the diet made popular by Benjamin Feingold, who has written the book “Why Your Child is Hyperactive”. Other researchers have had mixed results when testing whether the diet is effective.

READING
Directions: In this section of the test, you will read FOUR different passages, each followed by 10 questions about it. For questions 1-40, you are to choose the best answer A, B, C, or D to each question. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen. Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage.
Time allowance: You have 60 minutes to answer all the questions, including the time to transfer your answers to the answer sheet.

PASSAGE 1 QUESTIONS 1 - 10

Scientists do not yet thoroughly understand just how the body of an individual becomes sensitive to a substance that is harmless or even wholesome for the average person. Milk, wheat, and egg, for example, rank among the most healthful and widely used foods. Yet these foods can cause persons sensitive to them to suffer greatly. At first, the body of the individual is not harmed by coming into contact with the substance. After a varying interval of time, usually longer than a few weeks, the body becomes sensitive to it, and an allergy has began to develop. Sometimes it's hard to figure out if you have a food allergy, since it can show up in so many different ways. Your symptoms could be caused by many other problems. You may have rashes, hives, joint pains mimicking arthritis, headaches, irritability, or depression. The most common food allergies are to milk, eggs, seafood, wheat, nuts, seeds, chocolate, oranges, and tomatoes. Many of these allergies will not develop if these foods are not fed to an infant until her or his intestines mature at around seven months. Breast milk also tends to be protective.

Migraines can be set off by foods containing tyramine, phenethylamine, monosodium glutamate, or sodium nitrate. Common foods which contain these are chocolate, aged cheeses, sour cream, red wine, pickled herring, chicken livers, avocados, ripe bananas, cured meats, many Oriental and prepared foods (read the labels!). Some people have been successful in treating their migraines with supplements of B-vitamins, particularly B6 and niacin. Children who are hyperactive may benefit from eliminating food additives, especially colorings, and foods high in salicylates from their diets. A few of these are almonds, green peppers, peaches, tea, and grapes. This is the diet made popular by Benjamin Feingold, who has written the book “Why Your Child is Hyperactive”. Other researchers have had mixed results when testing whether the diet is effective.

READING
Directions: In this section of the test, you will read FOUR different passages, each followed by 10 questions about it. For questions 1-40, you are to choose the best answer A, B, C, or D to each question. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen. Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage.
Time allowance: You have 60 minutes to answer all the questions, including the time to transfer your answers to the answer sheet.

PASSAGE 1 QUESTIONS 1 - 10

Scientists do not yet thoroughly understand just how the body of an individual becomes sensitive to a substance that is harmless or even wholesome for the average person. Milk, wheat, and egg, for example, rank among the most healthful and widely used foods. Yet these foods can cause persons sensitive to them to suffer greatly. At first, the body of the individual is not harmed by coming into contact with the substance. After a varying interval of time, usually longer than a few weeks, the body becomes sensitive to it, and an allergy has began to develop. Sometimes it's hard to figure out if you have a food allergy, since it can show up in so many different ways. Your symptoms could be caused by many other problems. You may have rashes, hives, joint pains mimicking arthritis, headaches, irritability, or depression. The most common food allergies are to milk, eggs, seafood, wheat, nuts, seeds, chocolate, oranges, and tomatoes. Many of these allergies will not develop if these foods are not fed to an infant until her or his intestines mature at around seven months. Breast milk also tends to be protective.

Migraines can be set off by foods containing tyramine, phenethylamine, monosodium glutamate, or sodium nitrate. Common foods which contain these are chocolate, aged cheeses, sour cream, red wine, pickled herring, chicken livers, avocados, ripe bananas, cured meats, many Oriental and prepared foods (read the labels!). Some people have been successful in treating their migraines with supplements of B-vitamins, particularly B6 and niacin. Children who are hyperactive may benefit from eliminating food additives, especially colorings, and foods high in salicylates from their diets. A few of these are almonds, green peppers, peaches, tea, and grapes. This is the diet made popular by Benjamin Feingold, who has written the book “Why Your Child is Hyperactive”. Other researchers have had mixed results when testing whether the diet is effective.

PASSAGE 2 QUESTIONS 11 - 20

Until recently, most American entrepreneurs were men. Discrimination against women in business, the demands of caring for families, and lack of business training had kept the number of women entrepreneurs small. Now, however, businesses owned by women account for more than $40billioninannualrevenues,andthisfigureislikelytocontinuerisingthroughoutthe1990s.AsCarolynDoppeltGray,anofficialoftheSmallBusinessAdministration,hasnoted,“The1970swasthedecadeofwomenenteringmanagement,andthe1980sturnedouttobethedecadeofthewomanentrepreneur”.</p><p>Whataresomeofthefactorsbehindthistrend?Foronething,asmorewomenearnadvanceddegreesinbusinessandenterthecorporateworld,theyarefindingobstacles.Womenarestillexcludedfrommostexecutivesuites.CharlotteTaylor,amanagementconsultant,hadnoted,“Inthe1970swomenbelievediftheygotanMBAandworkedhardtheycouldbecomechairmanoftheboard.Nowthey’vefoundoutthatisn’tgoingtohappen,sotheygooutontheirown”.</p><p>Inthepast,mostwomenentrepreneursworkedin“women’s”fields:cosmeticsandclothing,forexample.Butthisischanging.ConsiderASKComputerSystems,a$22-million-a-year computer software business. It was founded in 1973 by Sandra Kurtzig, who was then a housewife with degrees in Math and Engineering. When Kurtzig founded the business, her first product was software that let weekly newspapers keep tabs on their newspaper carriers and her office was a bedroom at home, with a shoebox under the bed to hold the company’s cash. After she succeeded with the newspaper software system, she hired several bright computer-science graduates to develop additional programs. When these were marketed and sold, ASK began to grow. It now has 200 employees, and Sandra Kurtzig owns $66.9 million of stock.

Of course, many women who start their own businesses fail, just as men often do. They still face hurdles in the business world, especially problems in raising money: the banking and finance world is still dominated by men, and old attitudes die hard. Most businesses owned by women are still quite small. But the situation is changing; there are likely to be many more Sandra Kurtzigs in the years ahead.

PASSAGE 2 QUESTIONS 11 - 20

Until recently, most American entrepreneurs were men. Discrimination against women in business, the demands of caring for families, and lack of business training had kept the number of women entrepreneurs small. Now, however, businesses owned by women account for more than $40billioninannualrevenues,andthisfigureislikelytocontinuerisingthroughoutthe1990s.AsCarolynDoppeltGray,anofficialoftheSmallBusinessAdministration,hasnoted,“The1970swasthedecadeofwomenenteringmanagement,andthe1980sturnedouttobethedecadeofthewomanentrepreneur”.</p><p>Whataresomeofthefactorsbehindthistrend?Foronething,asmorewomenearnadvanceddegreesinbusinessandenterthecorporateworld,theyarefindingobstacles.Womenarestillexcludedfrommostexecutivesuites.CharlotteTaylor,amanagementconsultant,hadnoted,“Inthe1970swomenbelievediftheygotanMBAandworkedhardtheycouldbecomechairmanoftheboard.Nowthey’vefoundoutthatisn’tgoingtohappen,sotheygooutontheirown”.</p><p>Inthepast,mostwomenentrepreneursworkedin“women’s”fields:cosmeticsandclothing,forexample.Butthisischanging.ConsiderASKComputerSystems,a$22-million-a-year computer software business. It was founded in 1973 by Sandra Kurtzig, who was then a housewife with degrees in Math and Engineering. When Kurtzig founded the business, her first product was software that let weekly newspapers keep tabs on their newspaper carriers and her office was a bedroom at home, with a shoebox under the bed to hold the company’s cash. After she succeeded with the newspaper software system, she hired several bright computer-science graduates to develop additional programs. When these were marketed and sold, ASK began to grow. It now has 200 employees, and Sandra Kurtzig owns $66.9 million of stock.

Of course, many women who start their own businesses fail, just as men often do. They still face hurdles in the business world, especially problems in raising money: the banking and finance world is still dominated by men, and old attitudes die hard. Most businesses owned by women are still quite small. But the situation is changing; there are likely to be many more Sandra Kurtzigs in the years ahead.

PASSAGE 2 QUESTIONS 11 - 20

Until recently, most American entrepreneurs were men. Discrimination against women in business, the demands of caring for families, and lack of business training had kept the number of women entrepreneurs small. Now, however, businesses owned by women account for more than $40billioninannualrevenues,andthisfigureislikelytocontinuerisingthroughoutthe1990s.AsCarolynDoppeltGray,anofficialoftheSmallBusinessAdministration,hasnoted,“The1970swasthedecadeofwomenenteringmanagement,andthe1980sturnedouttobethedecadeofthewomanentrepreneur”.</p><p>Whataresomeofthefactorsbehindthistrend?Foronething,asmorewomenearnadvanceddegreesinbusinessandenterthecorporateworld,theyarefindingobstacles.Womenarestillexcludedfrommostexecutivesuites.CharlotteTaylor,amanagementconsultant,hadnoted,“Inthe1970swomenbelievediftheygotanMBAandworkedhardtheycouldbecomechairmanoftheboard.Nowthey’vefoundoutthatisn’tgoingtohappen,sotheygooutontheirown”.</p><p>Inthepast,mostwomenentrepreneursworkedin“women’s”fields:cosmeticsandclothing,forexample.Butthisischanging.ConsiderASKComputerSystems,a$22-million-a-year computer software business. It was founded in 1973 by Sandra Kurtzig, who was then a housewife with degrees in Math and Engineering. When Kurtzig founded the business, her first product was software that let weekly newspapers keep tabs on their newspaper carriers and her office was a bedroom at home, with a shoebox under the bed to hold the company’s cash. After she succeeded with the newspaper software system, she hired several bright computer-science graduates to develop additional programs. When these were marketed and sold, ASK began to grow. It now has 200 employees, and Sandra Kurtzig owns $66.9 million of stock.

Of course, many women who start their own businesses fail, just as men often do. They still face hurdles in the business world, especially problems in raising money: the banking and finance world is still dominated by men, and old attitudes die hard. Most businesses owned by women are still quite small. But the situation is changing; there are likely to be many more Sandra Kurtzigs in the years ahead.

PASSAGE 2 QUESTIONS 11 - 20

Until recently, most American entrepreneurs were men. Discrimination against women in business, the demands of caring for families, and lack of business training had kept the number of women entrepreneurs small. Now, however, businesses owned by women account for more than $40billioninannualrevenues,andthisfigureislikelytocontinuerisingthroughoutthe1990s.AsCarolynDoppeltGray,anofficialoftheSmallBusinessAdministration,hasnoted,“The1970swasthedecadeofwomenenteringmanagement,andthe1980sturnedouttobethedecadeofthewomanentrepreneur”.</p><p>Whataresomeofthefactorsbehindthistrend?Foronething,asmorewomenearnadvanceddegreesinbusinessandenterthecorporateworld,theyarefindingobstacles.Womenarestillexcludedfrommostexecutivesuites.CharlotteTaylor,amanagementconsultant,hadnoted,“Inthe1970swomenbelievediftheygotanMBAandworkedhardtheycouldbecomechairmanoftheboard.Nowthey’vefoundoutthatisn’tgoingtohappen,sotheygooutontheirown”.</p><p>Inthepast,mostwomenentrepreneursworkedin“women’s”fields:cosmeticsandclothing,forexample.Butthisischanging.ConsiderASKComputerSystems,a$22-million-a-year computer software business. It was founded in 1973 by Sandra Kurtzig, who was then a housewife with degrees in Math and Engineering. When Kurtzig founded the business, her first product was software that let weekly newspapers keep tabs on their newspaper carriers and her office was a bedroom at home, with a shoebox under the bed to hold the company’s cash. After she succeeded with the newspaper software system, she hired several bright computer-science graduates to develop additional programs. When these were marketed and sold, ASK began to grow. It now has 200 employees, and Sandra Kurtzig owns $66.9 million of stock.

Of course, many women who start their own businesses fail, just as men often do. They still face hurdles in the business world, especially problems in raising money: the banking and finance world is still dominated by men, and old attitudes die hard. Most businesses owned by women are still quite small. But the situation is changing; there are likely to be many more Sandra Kurtzigs in the years ahead.

PASSAGE 2 QUESTIONS 11 - 20

Until recently, most American entrepreneurs were men. Discrimination against women in business, the demands of caring for families, and lack of business training had kept the number of women entrepreneurs small. Now, however, businesses owned by women account for more than $40billioninannualrevenues,andthisfigureislikelytocontinuerisingthroughoutthe1990s.AsCarolynDoppeltGray,anofficialoftheSmallBusinessAdministration,hasnoted,“The1970swasthedecadeofwomenenteringmanagement,andthe1980sturnedouttobethedecadeofthewomanentrepreneur”.</p><p>Whataresomeofthefactorsbehindthistrend?Foronething,asmorewomenearnadvanceddegreesinbusinessandenterthecorporateworld,theyarefindingobstacles.Womenarestillexcludedfrommostexecutivesuites.CharlotteTaylor,amanagementconsultant,hadnoted,“Inthe1970swomenbelievediftheygotanMBAandworkedhardtheycouldbecomechairmanoftheboard.Nowthey’vefoundoutthatisn’tgoingtohappen,sotheygooutontheirown”.</p><p>Inthepast,mostwomenentrepreneursworkedin“women’s”fields:cosmeticsandclothing,forexample.Butthisischanging.ConsiderASKComputerSystems,a$22-million-a-year computer software business. It was founded in 1973 by Sandra Kurtzig, who was then a housewife with degrees in Math and Engineering. When Kurtzig founded the business, her first product was software that let weekly newspapers keep tabs on their newspaper carriers and her office was a bedroom at home, with a shoebox under the bed to hold the company’s cash. After she succeeded with the newspaper software system, she hired several bright computer-science graduates to develop additional programs. When these were marketed and sold, ASK began to grow. It now has 200 employees, and Sandra Kurtzig owns $66.9 million of stock.

Of course, many women who start their own businesses fail, just as men often do. They still face hurdles in the business world, especially problems in raising money: the banking and finance world is still dominated by men, and old attitudes die hard. Most businesses owned by women are still quite small. But the situation is changing; there are likely to be many more Sandra Kurtzigs in the years ahead.

PASSAGE 2 QUESTIONS 11 - 20

Until recently, most American entrepreneurs were men. Discrimination against women in business, the demands of caring for families, and lack of business training had kept the number of women entrepreneurs small. Now, however, businesses owned by women account for more than $40billioninannualrevenues,andthisfigureislikelytocontinuerisingthroughoutthe1990s.AsCarolynDoppeltGray,anofficialoftheSmallBusinessAdministration,hasnoted,“The1970swasthedecadeofwomenenteringmanagement,andthe1980sturnedouttobethedecadeofthewomanentrepreneur”.</p><p>Whataresomeofthefactorsbehindthistrend?Foronething,asmorewomenearnadvanceddegreesinbusinessandenterthecorporateworld,theyarefindingobstacles.Womenarestillexcludedfrommostexecutivesuites.CharlotteTaylor,amanagementconsultant,hadnoted,“Inthe1970swomenbelievediftheygotanMBAandworkedhardtheycouldbecomechairmanoftheboard.Nowthey’vefoundoutthatisn’tgoingtohappen,sotheygooutontheirown”.</p><p>Inthepast,mostwomenentrepreneursworkedin“women’s”fields:cosmeticsandclothing,forexample.Butthisischanging.ConsiderASKComputerSystems,a$22-million-a-year computer software business. It was founded in 1973 by Sandra Kurtzig, who was then a housewife with degrees in Math and Engineering. When Kurtzig founded the business, her first product was software that let weekly newspapers keep tabs on their newspaper carriers and her office was a bedroom at home, with a shoebox under the bed to hold the company’s cash. After she succeeded with the newspaper software system, she hired several bright computer-science graduates to develop additional programs. When these were marketed and sold, ASK began to grow. It now has 200 employees, and Sandra Kurtzig owns $66.9 million of stock.

Of course, many women who start their own businesses fail, just as men often do. They still face hurdles in the business world, especially problems in raising money: the banking and finance world is still dominated by men, and old attitudes die hard. Most businesses owned by women are still quite small. But the situation is changing; there are likely to be many more Sandra Kurtzigs in the years ahead.

PASSAGE 2 QUESTIONS 11 - 20

Until recently, most American entrepreneurs were men. Discrimination against women in business, the demands of caring for families, and lack of business training had kept the number of women entrepreneurs small. Now, however, businesses owned by women account for more than $40billioninannualrevenues,andthisfigureislikelytocontinuerisingthroughoutthe1990s.AsCarolynDoppeltGray,anofficialoftheSmallBusinessAdministration,hasnoted,“The1970swasthedecadeofwomenenteringmanagement,andthe1980sturnedouttobethedecadeofthewomanentrepreneur”.</p><p>Whataresomeofthefactorsbehindthistrend?Foronething,asmorewomenearnadvanceddegreesinbusinessandenterthecorporateworld,theyarefindingobstacles.Womenarestillexcludedfrommostexecutivesuites.CharlotteTaylor,amanagementconsultant,hadnoted,“Inthe1970swomenbelievediftheygotanMBAandworkedhardtheycouldbecomechairmanoftheboard.Nowthey’vefoundoutthatisn’tgoingtohappen,sotheygooutontheirown”.</p><p>Inthepast,mostwomenentrepreneursworkedin“women’s”fields:cosmeticsandclothing,forexample.Butthisischanging.ConsiderASKComputerSystems,a$22-million-a-year computer software business. It was founded in 1973 by Sandra Kurtzig, who was then a housewife with degrees in Math and Engineering. When Kurtzig founded the business, her first product was software that let weekly newspapers keep tabs on their newspaper carriers and her office was a bedroom at home, with a shoebox under the bed to hold the company’s cash. After she succeeded with the newspaper software system, she hired several bright computer-science graduates to develop additional programs. When these were marketed and sold, ASK began to grow. It now has 200 employees, and Sandra Kurtzig owns $66.9 million of stock.

Of course, many women who start their own businesses fail, just as men often do. They still face hurdles in the business world, especially problems in raising money: the banking and finance world is still dominated by men, and old attitudes die hard. Most businesses owned by women are still quite small. But the situation is changing; there are likely to be many more Sandra Kurtzigs in the years ahead.

PASSAGE 2 QUESTIONS 11 - 20

Until recently, most American entrepreneurs were men. Discrimination against women in business, the demands of caring for families, and lack of business training had kept the number of women entrepreneurs small. Now, however, businesses owned by women account for more than $40billioninannualrevenues,andthisfigureislikelytocontinuerisingthroughoutthe1990s.AsCarolynDoppeltGray,anofficialoftheSmallBusinessAdministration,hasnoted,“The1970swasthedecadeofwomenenteringmanagement,andthe1980sturnedouttobethedecadeofthewomanentrepreneur”.</p><p>Whataresomeofthefactorsbehindthistrend?Foronething,asmorewomenearnadvanceddegreesinbusinessandenterthecorporateworld,theyarefindingobstacles.Womenarestillexcludedfrommostexecutivesuites.CharlotteTaylor,amanagementconsultant,hadnoted,“Inthe1970swomenbelievediftheygotanMBAandworkedhardtheycouldbecomechairmanoftheboard.Nowthey’vefoundoutthatisn’tgoingtohappen,sotheygooutontheirown”.</p><p>Inthepast,mostwomenentrepreneursworkedin“women’s”fields:cosmeticsandclothing,forexample.Butthisischanging.ConsiderASKComputerSystems,a$22-million-a-year computer software business. It was founded in 1973 by Sandra Kurtzig, who was then a housewife with degrees in Math and Engineering. When Kurtzig founded the business, her first product was software that let weekly newspapers keep tabs on their newspaper carriers and her office was a bedroom at home, with a shoebox under the bed to hold the company’s cash. After she succeeded with the newspaper software system, she hired several bright computer-science graduates to develop additional programs. When these were marketed and sold, ASK began to grow. It now has 200 employees, and Sandra Kurtzig owns $66.9 million of stock.

Of course, many women who start their own businesses fail, just as men often do. They still face hurdles in the business world, especially problems in raising money: the banking and finance world is still dominated by men, and old attitudes die hard. Most businesses owned by women are still quite small. But the situation is changing; there are likely to be many more Sandra Kurtzigs in the years ahead.

PASSAGE 2 QUESTIONS 11 - 20

Until recently, most American entrepreneurs were men. Discrimination against women in business, the demands of caring for families, and lack of business training had kept the number of women entrepreneurs small. Now, however, businesses owned by women account for more than $40billioninannualrevenues,andthisfigureislikelytocontinuerisingthroughoutthe1990s.AsCarolynDoppeltGray,anofficialoftheSmallBusinessAdministration,hasnoted,“The1970swasthedecadeofwomenenteringmanagement,andthe1980sturnedouttobethedecadeofthewomanentrepreneur”.</p><p>Whataresomeofthefactorsbehindthistrend?Foronething,asmorewomenearnadvanceddegreesinbusinessandenterthecorporateworld,theyarefindingobstacles.Womenarestillexcludedfrommostexecutivesuites.CharlotteTaylor,amanagementconsultant,hadnoted,“Inthe1970swomenbelievediftheygotanMBAandworkedhardtheycouldbecomechairmanoftheboard.Nowthey’vefoundoutthatisn’tgoingtohappen,sotheygooutontheirown”.</p><p>Inthepast,mostwomenentrepreneursworkedin“women’s”fields:cosmeticsandclothing,forexample.Butthisischanging.ConsiderASKComputerSystems,a$22-million-a-year computer software business. It was founded in 1973 by Sandra Kurtzig, who was then a housewife with degrees in Math and Engineering. When Kurtzig founded the business, her first product was software that let weekly newspapers keep tabs on their newspaper carriers and her office was a bedroom at home, with a shoebox under the bed to hold the company’s cash. After she succeeded with the newspaper software system, she hired several bright computer-science graduates to develop additional programs. When these were marketed and sold, ASK began to grow. It now has 200 employees, and Sandra Kurtzig owns $66.9 million of stock.

Of course, many women who start their own businesses fail, just as men often do. They still face hurdles in the business world, especially problems in raising money: the banking and finance world is still dominated by men, and old attitudes die hard. Most businesses owned by women are still quite small. But the situation is changing; there are likely to be many more Sandra Kurtzigs in the years ahead.

PASSAGE 2 QUESTIONS 11 - 20

Until recently, most American entrepreneurs were men. Discrimination against women in business, the demands of caring for families, and lack of business training had kept the number of women entrepreneurs small. Now, however, businesses owned by women account for more than $40billioninannualrevenues,andthisfigureislikelytocontinuerisingthroughoutthe1990s.AsCarolynDoppeltGray,anofficialoftheSmallBusinessAdministration,hasnoted,“The1970swasthedecadeofwomenenteringmanagement,andthe1980sturnedouttobethedecadeofthewomanentrepreneur”.</p><p>Whataresomeofthefactorsbehindthistrend?Foronething,asmorewomenearnadvanceddegreesinbusinessandenterthecorporateworld,theyarefindingobstacles.Womenarestillexcludedfrommostexecutivesuites.CharlotteTaylor,amanagementconsultant,hadnoted,“Inthe1970swomenbelievediftheygotanMBAandworkedhardtheycouldbecomechairmanoftheboard.Nowthey’vefoundoutthatisn’tgoingtohappen,sotheygooutontheirown”.</p><p>Inthepast,mostwomenentrepreneursworkedin“women’s”fields:cosmeticsandclothing,forexample.Butthisischanging.ConsiderASKComputerSystems,a$22-million-a-year computer software business. It was founded in 1973 by Sandra Kurtzig, who was then a housewife with degrees in Math and Engineering. When Kurtzig founded the business, her first product was software that let weekly newspapers keep tabs on their newspaper carriers and her office was a bedroom at home, with a shoebox under the bed to hold the company’s cash. After she succeeded with the newspaper software system, she hired several bright computer-science graduates to develop additional programs. When these were marketed and sold, ASK began to grow. It now has 200 employees, and Sandra Kurtzig owns $66.9 million of stock.