Thi thử VSTEP – 10 Bài Reading Test 9 Part 1

Directions:In this section of the test, you will read FOUR different passages, each followed by 10 questions about it. For questions 1-40, you are to choose the best answer A, B, C or D, to each question. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen. Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage.

You have 60 minutes to answer all the questions, including the time to transfer your answers to the answer sheet.

PASSAGE 1
Questions 1-10

Failure: We all avoid it, and most of us fear it. However, without failure, progress would be impossible. Indeed, the word success comes from the Latinsuccedere, meaning “to come after.” And what does success usually come after? Failure. It seems that one cannot exist without the other.

Learning from Failure
Every failure – even the worst ones – helps us learn to do things differently in the future. “I learned how not to climb the first four times I tried to summit Everest.” says mountaineer Pete Athans, who has now reached the world’s highest peak seven times. “Failure gives you a chance to refine your approach. You’re taking risks more and more intelligently.” In Athans’ case, his setbacks taught him that it was important to choose a less challenging route for his first climb up Everest. Learning from past mistakes and making changes helped him to reach the top successfully.

Failure also reminds us that things can go wrong – sometimes with disastrous results. Austrian Gerlinde Kaltenbrunner is the first woman to summit all 14 of the world’s 8,000-meter peaks without extra oxygen. In 2007, while climbing in Nepal, she was in an avalanche. Luckily, she survived, but two nearby Spanish climbers died. The experience taught Kaltenbrunner that no matter how prepared a person is, bad things can still happen. The events of that day troubled her deeply, but in time, Kaltenbrunner decided she had to learn from the experience and move on. “I realized that I couldn’t make the tragedy unhappen.” she says, “and I couldn’t stop climbing – this is my life.”

The Value of Negative Results
Accepting failure is not easy for many, though. We are often reluctant to admit failure because our professional reputations depend on success. However, things are slowly changing, notably in the fields of business and science. In the past decade, for instance, some scientific journals – mostly in medicine and conservation have published reports of failed experiments. The belief is that the science community can also learn from “negative” results and that this can eventually lead to positive outcomes.

In many ways, the business world already understands the value of negative results. To encourage entrepreneurship, the Netherlands-based ABN AMRO bank started an Institute of Brilliant Failures to learn more about what works and what doesn’t in banking. Similarly, Eli Lilly and Company, the pharmaceutical corporation, has “R&D outcome celebrations”– failure parties – to study data about drugs that don’t work. (Almost 90 percent of all drug trials fail and the drugs cannot be sold.)

In fact, one of the business world’s most famous failures eventually became one of its biggest successes, in part because the product’s makers learned from their mistakes. In the early 1990s, Apple Corporation created a handheld device called the Apple Newton. The product, though unique at the time, was expensive and heavy; moreover, some of its most important features didn’t work properly. Consequently, it became one of Apple’s biggest failures, and in 1998, the company stopped selling it. However, Apple’s CEO, Steve Jobs, believed the product had potential and he began to explore ways of improving it. In time, this led to the creation of the iPhone and the iPad, two of the company’s most successful products.

The story of the Apple Newton can teach us another important lesson about failure. Not only should we try to learn from it; if we want to succeed, we must also bepersistent. Though Apple stopped selling the Newton in 1998, the first iPhone wasn’t available until 2007. It took a lot of research and hard work to go from the Apple Newton to iPhone, but in the end, the effort paid off.

Ultimately, there is a lot we can learn by studying mistakes. Perhaps the most important lesson is that failure and success are two sides of the same coin. One truly cannot exist without the other

Directions:In this section of the test, you will read FOUR different passages, each followed by 10 questions about it. For questions 1-40, you are to choose the best answer A, B, C or D, to each question. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen. Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage.

You have 60 minutes to answer all the questions, including the time to transfer your answers to the answer sheet.

PASSAGE 1
Questions 1-10

Failure: We all avoid it, and most of us fear it. However, without failure, progress would be impossible. Indeed, the word success comes from the Latinsuccedere, meaning “to come after.” And what does success usually come after? Failure. It seems that one cannot exist without the other.

Learning from Failure
Every failure – even the worst ones – helps us learn to do things differently in the future. “I learned how not to climb the first four times I tried to summit Everest.” says mountaineer Pete Athans, who has now reached the world’s highest peak seven times. “Failure gives you a chance to refine your approach. You’re taking risks more and more intelligently.” In Athans’ case, his setbacks taught him that it was important to choose a less challenging route for his first climb up Everest. Learning from past mistakes and making changes helped him to reach the top successfully.

Failure also reminds us that things can go wrong – sometimes with disastrous results. Austrian Gerlinde Kaltenbrunner is the first woman to summit all 14 of the world’s 8,000-meter peaks without extra oxygen. In 2007, while climbing in Nepal, she was in an avalanche. Luckily, she survived, but two nearby Spanish climbers died. The experience taught Kaltenbrunner that no matter how prepared a person is, bad things can still happen. The events of that day troubled her deeply, but in time, Kaltenbrunner decided she had to learn from the experience and move on. “I realized that I couldn’t make the tragedy unhappen.” she says, “and I couldn’t stop climbing – this is my life.”

The Value of Negative Results
Accepting failure is not easy for many, though. We are often reluctant to admit failure because our professional reputations depend on success. However, things are slowly changing, notably in the fields of business and science. In the past decade, for instance, some scientific journals – mostly in medicine and conservation have published reports of failed experiments. The belief is that the science community can also learn from “negative” results and that this can eventually lead to positive outcomes.

In many ways, the business world already understands the value of negative results. To encourage entrepreneurship, the Netherlands-based ABN AMRO bank started an Institute of Brilliant Failures to learn more about what works and what doesn’t in banking. Similarly, Eli Lilly and Company, the pharmaceutical corporation, has “R&D outcome celebrations”– failure parties – to study data about drugs that don’t work. (Almost 90 percent of all drug trials fail and the drugs cannot be sold.)

In fact, one of the business world’s most famous failures eventually became one of its biggest successes, in part because the product’s makers learned from their mistakes. In the early 1990s, Apple Corporation created a handheld device called the Apple Newton. The product, though unique at the time, was expensive and heavy; moreover, some of its most important features didn’t work properly. Consequently, it became one of Apple’s biggest failures, and in 1998, the company stopped selling it. However, Apple’s CEO, Steve Jobs, believed the product had potential and he began to explore ways of improving it. In time, this led to the creation of the iPhone and the iPad, two of the company’s most successful products.

The story of the Apple Newton can teach us another important lesson about failure. Not only should we try to learn from it; if we want to succeed, we must also bepersistent. Though Apple stopped selling the Newton in 1998, the first iPhone wasn’t available until 2007. It took a lot of research and hard work to go from the Apple Newton to iPhone, but in the end, the effort paid off.

Ultimately, there is a lot we can learn by studying mistakes. Perhaps the most important lesson is that failure and success are two sides of the same coin. One truly cannot exist without the other

Directions:In this section of the test, you will read FOUR different passages, each followed by 10 questions about it. For questions 1-40, you are to choose the best answer A, B, C or D, to each question. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen. Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage.

You have 60 minutes to answer all the questions, including the time to transfer your answers to the answer sheet.

PASSAGE 1
Questions 1-10

Failure: We all avoid it, and most of us fear it. However, without failure, progress would be impossible. Indeed, the word success comes from the Latinsuccedere, meaning “to come after.” And what does success usually come after? Failure. It seems that one cannot exist without the other.

Learning from Failure
Every failure – even the worst ones – helps us learn to do things differently in the future. “I learned how not to climb the first four times I tried to summit Everest.” says mountaineer Pete Athans, who has now reached the world’s highest peak seven times. “Failure gives you a chance to refine your approach. You’re taking risks more and more intelligently.” In Athans’ case, his setbacks taught him that it was important to choose a less challenging route for his first climb up Everest. Learning from past mistakes and making changes helped him to reach the top successfully.

Failure also reminds us that things can go wrong – sometimes with disastrous results. Austrian Gerlinde Kaltenbrunner is the first woman to summit all 14 of the world’s 8,000-meter peaks without extra oxygen. In 2007, while climbing in Nepal, she was in an avalanche. Luckily, she survived, but two nearby Spanish climbers died. The experience taught Kaltenbrunner that no matter how prepared a person is, bad things can still happen. The events of that day troubled her deeply, but in time, Kaltenbrunner decided she had to learn from the experience and move on. “I realized that I couldn’t make the tragedy unhappen.” she says, “and I couldn’t stop climbing – this is my life.”

The Value of Negative Results
Accepting failure is not easy for many, though. We are often reluctant to admit failure because our professional reputations depend on success. However, things are slowly changing, notably in the fields of business and science. In the past decade, for instance, some scientific journals – mostly in medicine and conservation have published reports of failed experiments. The belief is that the science community can also learn from “negative” results and that this can eventually lead to positive outcomes.

In many ways, the business world already understands the value of negative results. To encourage entrepreneurship, the Netherlands-based ABN AMRO bank started an Institute of Brilliant Failures to learn more about what works and what doesn’t in banking. Similarly, Eli Lilly and Company, the pharmaceutical corporation, has “R&D outcome celebrations”– failure parties – to study data about drugs that don’t work. (Almost 90 percent of all drug trials fail and the drugs cannot be sold.)

In fact, one of the business world’s most famous failures eventually became one of its biggest successes, in part because the product’s makers learned from their mistakes. In the early 1990s, Apple Corporation created a handheld device called the Apple Newton. The product, though unique at the time, was expensive and heavy; moreover, some of its most important features didn’t work properly. Consequently, it became one of Apple’s biggest failures, and in 1998, the company stopped selling it. However, Apple’s CEO, Steve Jobs, believed the product had potential and he began to explore ways of improving it. In time, this led to the creation of the iPhone and the iPad, two of the company’s most successful products.

The story of the Apple Newton can teach us another important lesson about failure. Not only should we try to learn from it; if we want to succeed, we must also bepersistent. Though Apple stopped selling the Newton in 1998, the first iPhone wasn’t available until 2007. It took a lot of research and hard work to go from the Apple Newton to iPhone, but in the end, the effort paid off.

Ultimately, there is a lot we can learn by studying mistakes. Perhaps the most important lesson is that failure and success are two sides of the same coin. One truly cannot exist without the other

Directions:In this section of the test, you will read FOUR different passages, each followed by 10 questions about it. For questions 1-40, you are to choose the best answer A, B, C or D, to each question. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen. Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage.

You have 60 minutes to answer all the questions, including the time to transfer your answers to the answer sheet.

PASSAGE 1
Questions 1-10

Failure: We all avoid it, and most of us fear it. However, without failure, progress would be impossible. Indeed, the word success comes from the Latinsuccedere, meaning “to come after.” And what does success usually come after? Failure. It seems that one cannot exist without the other.

Learning from Failure
Every failure – even the worst ones – helps us learn to do things differently in the future. “I learned how not to climb the first four times I tried to summit Everest.” says mountaineer Pete Athans, who has now reached the world’s highest peak seven times. “Failure gives you a chance to refine your approach. You’re taking risks more and more intelligently.” In Athans’ case, his setbacks taught him that it was important to choose a less challenging route for his first climb up Everest. Learning from past mistakes and making changes helped him to reach the top successfully.

Failure also reminds us that things can go wrong – sometimes with disastrous results. Austrian Gerlinde Kaltenbrunner is the first woman to summit all 14 of the world’s 8,000-meter peaks without extra oxygen. In 2007, while climbing in Nepal, she was in an avalanche. Luckily, she survived, but two nearby Spanish climbers died. The experience taught Kaltenbrunner that no matter how prepared a person is, bad things can still happen. The events of that day troubled her deeply, but in time, Kaltenbrunner decided she had to learn from the experience and move on. “I realized that I couldn’t make the tragedy unhappen.” she says, “and I couldn’t stop climbing – this is my life.”

The Value of Negative Results
Accepting failure is not easy for many, though. We are often reluctant to admit failure because our professional reputations depend on success. However, things are slowly changing, notably in the fields of business and science. In the past decade, for instance, some scientific journals – mostly in medicine and conservation have published reports of failed experiments. The belief is that the science community can also learn from “negative” results and that this can eventually lead to positive outcomes.

In many ways, the business world already understands the value of negative results. To encourage entrepreneurship, the Netherlands-based ABN AMRO bank started an Institute of Brilliant Failures to learn more about what works and what doesn’t in banking. Similarly, Eli Lilly and Company, the pharmaceutical corporation, has “R&D outcome celebrations”– failure parties – to study data about drugs that don’t work. (Almost 90 percent of all drug trials fail and the drugs cannot be sold.)

In fact, one of the business world’s most famous failures eventually became one of its biggest successes, in part because the product’s makers learned from their mistakes. In the early 1990s, Apple Corporation created a handheld device called the Apple Newton. The product, though unique at the time, was expensive and heavy; moreover, some of its most important features didn’t work properly. Consequently, it became one of Apple’s biggest failures, and in 1998, the company stopped selling it. However, Apple’s CEO, Steve Jobs, believed the product had potential and he began to explore ways of improving it. In time, this led to the creation of the iPhone and the iPad, two of the company’s most successful products.

The story of the Apple Newton can teach us another important lesson about failure. Not only should we try to learn from it; if we want to succeed, we must also bepersistent. Though Apple stopped selling the Newton in 1998, the first iPhone wasn’t available until 2007. It took a lot of research and hard work to go from the Apple Newton to iPhone, but in the end, the effort paid off.

Ultimately, there is a lot we can learn by studying mistakes. Perhaps the most important lesson is that failure and success are two sides of the same coin. One truly cannot exist without the other

Directions:In this section of the test, you will read FOUR different passages, each followed by 10 questions about it. For questions 1-40, you are to choose the best answer A, B, C or D, to each question. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen. Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage.

You have 60 minutes to answer all the questions, including the time to transfer your answers to the answer sheet.

PASSAGE 1
Questions 1-10

Failure: We all avoid it, and most of us fear it. However, without failure, progress would be impossible. Indeed, the word success comes from the Latinsuccedere, meaning “to come after.” And what does success usually come after? Failure. It seems that one cannot exist without the other.

Learning from Failure
Every failure – even the worst ones – helps us learn to do things differently in the future. “I learned how not to climb the first four times I tried to summit Everest.” says mountaineer Pete Athans, who has now reached the world’s highest peak seven times. “Failure gives you a chance to refine your approach. You’re taking risks more and more intelligently.” In Athans’ case, his setbacks taught him that it was important to choose a less challenging route for his first climb up Everest. Learning from past mistakes and making changes helped him to reach the top successfully.

Failure also reminds us that things can go wrong – sometimes with disastrous results. Austrian Gerlinde Kaltenbrunner is the first woman to summit all 14 of the world’s 8,000-meter peaks without extra oxygen. In 2007, while climbing in Nepal, she was in an avalanche. Luckily, she survived, but two nearby Spanish climbers died. The experience taught Kaltenbrunner that no matter how prepared a person is, bad things can still happen. The events of that day troubled her deeply, but in time, Kaltenbrunner decided she had to learn from the experience and move on. “I realized that I couldn’t make the tragedy unhappen.” she says, “and I couldn’t stop climbing – this is my life.”

The Value of Negative Results
Accepting failure is not easy for many, though. We are often reluctant to admit failure because our professional reputations depend on success. However, things are slowly changing, notably in the fields of business and science. In the past decade, for instance, some scientific journals – mostly in medicine and conservation have published reports of failed experiments. The belief is that the science community can also learn from “negative” results and that this can eventually lead to positive outcomes.

In many ways, the business world already understands the value of negative results. To encourage entrepreneurship, the Netherlands-based ABN AMRO bank started an Institute of Brilliant Failures to learn more about what works and what doesn’t in banking. Similarly, Eli Lilly and Company, the pharmaceutical corporation, has “R&D outcome celebrations”– failure parties – to study data about drugs that don’t work. (Almost 90 percent of all drug trials fail and the drugs cannot be sold.)

In fact, one of the business world’s most famous failures eventually became one of its biggest successes, in part because the product’s makers learned from their mistakes. In the early 1990s, Apple Corporation created a handheld device called the Apple Newton. The product, though unique at the time, was expensive and heavy; moreover, some of its most important features didn’t work properly. Consequently, it became one of Apple’s biggest failures, and in 1998, the company stopped selling it. However, Apple’s CEO, Steve Jobs, believed the product had potential and he began to explore ways of improving it. In time, this led to the creation of the iPhone and the iPad, two of the company’s most successful products.

The story of the Apple Newton can teach us another important lesson about failure. Not only should we try to learn from it; if we want to succeed, we must also bepersistent. Though Apple stopped selling the Newton in 1998, the first iPhone wasn’t available until 2007. It took a lot of research and hard work to go from the Apple Newton to iPhone, but in the end, the effort paid off.

Ultimately, there is a lot we can learn by studying mistakes. Perhaps the most important lesson is that failure and success are two sides of the same coin. One truly cannot exist without the other

Directions:In this section of the test, you will read FOUR different passages, each followed by 10 questions about it. For questions 1-40, you are to choose the best answer A, B, C or D, to each question. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen. Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage.

You have 60 minutes to answer all the questions, including the time to transfer your answers to the answer sheet.

PASSAGE 1
Questions 1-10

Failure: We all avoid it, and most of us fear it. However, without failure, progress would be impossible. Indeed, the word success comes from the Latinsuccedere, meaning “to come after.” And what does success usually come after? Failure. It seems that one cannot exist without the other.

Learning from Failure
Every failure – even the worst ones – helps us learn to do things differently in the future. “I learned how not to climb the first four times I tried to summit Everest.” says mountaineer Pete Athans, who has now reached the world’s highest peak seven times. “Failure gives you a chance to refine your approach. You’re taking risks more and more intelligently.” In Athans’ case, his setbacks taught him that it was important to choose a less challenging route for his first climb up Everest. Learning from past mistakes and making changes helped him to reach the top successfully.

Failure also reminds us that things can go wrong – sometimes with disastrous results. Austrian Gerlinde Kaltenbrunner is the first woman to summit all 14 of the world’s 8,000-meter peaks without extra oxygen. In 2007, while climbing in Nepal, she was in an avalanche. Luckily, she survived, but two nearby Spanish climbers died. The experience taught Kaltenbrunner that no matter how prepared a person is, bad things can still happen. The events of that day troubled her deeply, but in time, Kaltenbrunner decided she had to learn from the experience and move on. “I realized that I couldn’t make the tragedy unhappen.” she says, “and I couldn’t stop climbing – this is my life.”

The Value of Negative Results
Accepting failure is not easy for many, though. We are often reluctant to admit failure because our professional reputations depend on success. However, things are slowly changing, notably in the fields of business and science. In the past decade, for instance, some scientific journals – mostly in medicine and conservation have published reports of failed experiments. The belief is that the science community can also learn from “negative” results and that this can eventually lead to positive outcomes.

In many ways, the business world already understands the value of negative results. To encourage entrepreneurship, the Netherlands-based ABN AMRO bank started an Institute of Brilliant Failures to learn more about what works and what doesn’t in banking. Similarly, Eli Lilly and Company, the pharmaceutical corporation, has “R&D outcome celebrations”– failure parties – to study data about drugs that don’t work. (Almost 90 percent of all drug trials fail and the drugs cannot be sold.)

In fact, one of the business world’s most famous failures eventually became one of its biggest successes, in part because the product’s makers learned from their mistakes. In the early 1990s, Apple Corporation created a handheld device called the Apple Newton. The product, though unique at the time, was expensive and heavy; moreover, some of its most important features didn’t work properly. Consequently, it became one of Apple’s biggest failures, and in 1998, the company stopped selling it. However, Apple’s CEO, Steve Jobs, believed the product had potential and he began to explore ways of improving it. In time, this led to the creation of the iPhone and the iPad, two of the company’s most successful products.

The story of the Apple Newton can teach us another important lesson about failure. Not only should we try to learn from it; if we want to succeed, we must also bepersistent. Though Apple stopped selling the Newton in 1998, the first iPhone wasn’t available until 2007. It took a lot of research and hard work to go from the Apple Newton to iPhone, but in the end, the effort paid off.

Ultimately, there is a lot we can learn by studying mistakes. Perhaps the most important lesson is that failure and success are two sides of the same coin. One truly cannot exist without the other

Directions:In this section of the test, you will read FOUR different passages, each followed by 10 questions about it. For questions 1-40, you are to choose the best answer A, B, C or D, to each question. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen. Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage.

You have 60 minutes to answer all the questions, including the time to transfer your answers to the answer sheet.

PASSAGE 1
Questions 1-10

Failure: We all avoid it, and most of us fear it. However, without failure, progress would be impossible. Indeed, the word success comes from the Latinsuccedere, meaning “to come after.” And what does success usually come after? Failure. It seems that one cannot exist without the other.

Learning from Failure
Every failure – even the worst ones – helps us learn to do things differently in the future. “I learned how not to climb the first four times I tried to summit Everest.” says mountaineer Pete Athans, who has now reached the world’s highest peak seven times. “Failure gives you a chance to refine your approach. You’re taking risks more and more intelligently.” In Athans’ case, his setbacks taught him that it was important to choose a less challenging route for his first climb up Everest. Learning from past mistakes and making changes helped him to reach the top successfully.

Failure also reminds us that things can go wrong – sometimes with disastrous results. Austrian Gerlinde Kaltenbrunner is the first woman to summit all 14 of the world’s 8,000-meter peaks without extra oxygen. In 2007, while climbing in Nepal, she was in an avalanche. Luckily, she survived, but two nearby Spanish climbers died. The experience taught Kaltenbrunner that no matter how prepared a person is, bad things can still happen. The events of that day troubled her deeply, but in time, Kaltenbrunner decided she had to learn from the experience and move on. “I realized that I couldn’t make the tragedy unhappen.” she says, “and I couldn’t stop climbing – this is my life.”

The Value of Negative Results
Accepting failure is not easy for many, though. We are often reluctant to admit failure because our professional reputations depend on success. However, things are slowly changing, notably in the fields of business and science. In the past decade, for instance, some scientific journals – mostly in medicine and conservation have published reports of failed experiments. The belief is that the science community can also learn from “negative” results and that this can eventually lead to positive outcomes.

In many ways, the business world already understands the value of negative results. To encourage entrepreneurship, the Netherlands-based ABN AMRO bank started an Institute of Brilliant Failures to learn more about what works and what doesn’t in banking. Similarly, Eli Lilly and Company, the pharmaceutical corporation, has “R&D outcome celebrations”– failure parties – to study data about drugs that don’t work. (Almost 90 percent of all drug trials fail and the drugs cannot be sold.)

In fact, one of the business world’s most famous failures eventually became one of its biggest successes, in part because the product’s makers learned from their mistakes. In the early 1990s, Apple Corporation created a handheld device called the Apple Newton. The product, though unique at the time, was expensive and heavy; moreover, some of its most important features didn’t work properly. Consequently, it became one of Apple’s biggest failures, and in 1998, the company stopped selling it. However, Apple’s CEO, Steve Jobs, believed the product had potential and he began to explore ways of improving it. In time, this led to the creation of the iPhone and the iPad, two of the company’s most successful products.

The story of the Apple Newton can teach us another important lesson about failure. Not only should we try to learn from it; if we want to succeed, we must also bepersistent. Though Apple stopped selling the Newton in 1998, the first iPhone wasn’t available until 2007. It took a lot of research and hard work to go from the Apple Newton to iPhone, but in the end, the effort paid off.

Ultimately, there is a lot we can learn by studying mistakes. Perhaps the most important lesson is that failure and success are two sides of the same coin. One truly cannot exist without the other

Directions:In this section of the test, you will read FOUR different passages, each followed by 10 questions about it. For questions 1-40, you are to choose the best answer A, B, C or D, to each question. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen. Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage.

You have 60 minutes to answer all the questions, including the time to transfer your answers to the answer sheet.

PASSAGE 1
Questions 1-10

Failure: We all avoid it, and most of us fear it. However, without failure, progress would be impossible. Indeed, the word success comes from the Latinsuccedere, meaning “to come after.” And what does success usually come after? Failure. It seems that one cannot exist without the other.

Learning from Failure
Every failure – even the worst ones – helps us learn to do things differently in the future. “I learned how not to climb the first four times I tried to summit Everest.” says mountaineer Pete Athans, who has now reached the world’s highest peak seven times. “Failure gives you a chance to refine your approach. You’re taking risks more and more intelligently.” In Athans’ case, his setbacks taught him that it was important to choose a less challenging route for his first climb up Everest. Learning from past mistakes and making changes helped him to reach the top successfully.

Failure also reminds us that things can go wrong – sometimes with disastrous results. Austrian Gerlinde Kaltenbrunner is the first woman to summit all 14 of the world’s 8,000-meter peaks without extra oxygen. In 2007, while climbing in Nepal, she was in an avalanche. Luckily, she survived, but two nearby Spanish climbers died. The experience taught Kaltenbrunner that no matter how prepared a person is, bad things can still happen. The events of that day troubled her deeply, but in time, Kaltenbrunner decided she had to learn from the experience and move on. “I realized that I couldn’t make the tragedy unhappen.” she says, “and I couldn’t stop climbing – this is my life.”

The Value of Negative Results
Accepting failure is not easy for many, though. We are often reluctant to admit failure because our professional reputations depend on success. However, things are slowly changing, notably in the fields of business and science. In the past decade, for instance, some scientific journals – mostly in medicine and conservation have published reports of failed experiments. The belief is that the science community can also learn from “negative” results and that this can eventually lead to positive outcomes.

In many ways, the business world already understands the value of negative results. To encourage entrepreneurship, the Netherlands-based ABN AMRO bank started an Institute of Brilliant Failures to learn more about what works and what doesn’t in banking. Similarly, Eli Lilly and Company, the pharmaceutical corporation, has “R&D outcome celebrations”– failure parties – to study data about drugs that don’t work. (Almost 90 percent of all drug trials fail and the drugs cannot be sold.)

In fact, one of the business world’s most famous failures eventually became one of its biggest successes, in part because the product’s makers learned from their mistakes. In the early 1990s, Apple Corporation created a handheld device called the Apple Newton. The product, though unique at the time, was expensive and heavy; moreover, some of its most important features didn’t work properly. Consequently, it became one of Apple’s biggest failures, and in 1998, the company stopped selling it. However, Apple’s CEO, Steve Jobs, believed the product had potential and he began to explore ways of improving it. In time, this led to the creation of the iPhone and the iPad, two of the company’s most successful products.

The story of the Apple Newton can teach us another important lesson about failure. Not only should we try to learn from it; if we want to succeed, we must also bepersistent. Though Apple stopped selling the Newton in 1998, the first iPhone wasn’t available until 2007. It took a lot of research and hard work to go from the Apple Newton to iPhone, but in the end, the effort paid off.

Ultimately, there is a lot we can learn by studying mistakes. Perhaps the most important lesson is that failure and success are two sides of the same coin. One truly cannot exist without the other

Directions:In this section of the test, you will read FOUR different passages, each followed by 10 questions about it. For questions 1-40, you are to choose the best answer A, B, C or D, to each question. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen. Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage.

You have 60 minutes to answer all the questions, including the time to transfer your answers to the answer sheet.

PASSAGE 1
Questions 1-10

Failure: We all avoid it, and most of us fear it. However, without failure, progress would be impossible. Indeed, the word success comes from the Latinsuccedere, meaning “to come after.” And what does success usually come after? Failure. It seems that one cannot exist without the other.

Learning from Failure
Every failure – even the worst ones – helps us learn to do things differently in the future. “I learned how not to climb the first four times I tried to summit Everest.” says mountaineer Pete Athans, who has now reached the world’s highest peak seven times. “Failure gives you a chance to refine your approach. You’re taking risks more and more intelligently.” In Athans’ case, his setbacks taught him that it was important to choose a less challenging route for his first climb up Everest. Learning from past mistakes and making changes helped him to reach the top successfully.

Failure also reminds us that things can go wrong – sometimes with disastrous results. Austrian Gerlinde Kaltenbrunner is the first woman to summit all 14 of the world’s 8,000-meter peaks without extra oxygen. In 2007, while climbing in Nepal, she was in an avalanche. Luckily, she survived, but two nearby Spanish climbers died. The experience taught Kaltenbrunner that no matter how prepared a person is, bad things can still happen. The events of that day troubled her deeply, but in time, Kaltenbrunner decided she had to learn from the experience and move on. “I realized that I couldn’t make the tragedy unhappen.” she says, “and I couldn’t stop climbing – this is my life.”

The Value of Negative Results
Accepting failure is not easy for many, though. We are often reluctant to admit failure because our professional reputations depend on success. However, things are slowly changing, notably in the fields of business and science. In the past decade, for instance, some scientific journals – mostly in medicine and conservation have published reports of failed experiments. The belief is that the science community can also learn from “negative” results and that this can eventually lead to positive outcomes.

In many ways, the business world already understands the value of negative results. To encourage entrepreneurship, the Netherlands-based ABN AMRO bank started an Institute of Brilliant Failures to learn more about what works and what doesn’t in banking. Similarly, Eli Lilly and Company, the pharmaceutical corporation, has “R&D outcome celebrations”– failure parties – to study data about drugs that don’t work. (Almost 90 percent of all drug trials fail and the drugs cannot be sold.)

In fact, one of the business world’s most famous failures eventually became one of its biggest successes, in part because the product’s makers learned from their mistakes. In the early 1990s, Apple Corporation created a handheld device called the Apple Newton. The product, though unique at the time, was expensive and heavy; moreover, some of its most important features didn’t work properly. Consequently, it became one of Apple’s biggest failures, and in 1998, the company stopped selling it. However, Apple’s CEO, Steve Jobs, believed the product had potential and he began to explore ways of improving it. In time, this led to the creation of the iPhone and the iPad, two of the company’s most successful products.

The story of the Apple Newton can teach us another important lesson about failure. Not only should we try to learn from it; if we want to succeed, we must also bepersistent. Though Apple stopped selling the Newton in 1998, the first iPhone wasn’t available until 2007. It took a lot of research and hard work to go from the Apple Newton to iPhone, but in the end, the effort paid off.

Ultimately, there is a lot we can learn by studying mistakes. Perhaps the most important lesson is that failure and success are two sides of the same coin. One truly cannot exist without the other

Directions:In this section of the test, you will read FOUR different passages, each followed by 10 questions about it. For questions 1-40, you are to choose the best answer A, B, C or D, to each question. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen. Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage.

You have 60 minutes to answer all the questions, including the time to transfer your answers to the answer sheet.

PASSAGE 1
Questions 1-10

Failure: We all avoid it, and most of us fear it. However, without failure, progress would be impossible. Indeed, the word success comes from the Latinsuccedere, meaning “to come after.” And what does success usually come after? Failure. It seems that one cannot exist without the other.

Learning from Failure
Every failure – even the worst ones – helps us learn to do things differently in the future. “I learned how not to climb the first four times I tried to summit Everest.” says mountaineer Pete Athans, who has now reached the world’s highest peak seven times. “Failure gives you a chance to refine your approach. You’re taking risks more and more intelligently.” In Athans’ case, his setbacks taught him that it was important to choose a less challenging route for his first climb up Everest. Learning from past mistakes and making changes helped him to reach the top successfully.

Failure also reminds us that things can go wrong – sometimes with disastrous results. Austrian Gerlinde Kaltenbrunner is the first woman to summit all 14 of the world’s 8,000-meter peaks without extra oxygen. In 2007, while climbing in Nepal, she was in an avalanche. Luckily, she survived, but two nearby Spanish climbers died. The experience taught Kaltenbrunner that no matter how prepared a person is, bad things can still happen. The events of that day troubled her deeply, but in time, Kaltenbrunner decided she had to learn from the experience and move on. “I realized that I couldn’t make the tragedy unhappen.” she says, “and I couldn’t stop climbing – this is my life.”

The Value of Negative Results
Accepting failure is not easy for many, though. We are often reluctant to admit failure because our professional reputations depend on success. However, things are slowly changing, notably in the fields of business and science. In the past decade, for instance, some scientific journals – mostly in medicine and conservation have published reports of failed experiments. The belief is that the science community can also learn from “negative” results and that this can eventually lead to positive outcomes.

In many ways, the business world already understands the value of negative results. To encourage entrepreneurship, the Netherlands-based ABN AMRO bank started an Institute of Brilliant Failures to learn more about what works and what doesn’t in banking. Similarly, Eli Lilly and Company, the pharmaceutical corporation, has “R&D outcome celebrations”– failure parties – to study data about drugs that don’t work. (Almost 90 percent of all drug trials fail and the drugs cannot be sold.)

In fact, one of the business world’s most famous failures eventually became one of its biggest successes, in part because the product’s makers learned from their mistakes. In the early 1990s, Apple Corporation created a handheld device called the Apple Newton. The product, though unique at the time, was expensive and heavy; moreover, some of its most important features didn’t work properly. Consequently, it became one of Apple’s biggest failures, and in 1998, the company stopped selling it. However, Apple’s CEO, Steve Jobs, believed the product had potential and he began to explore ways of improving it. In time, this led to the creation of the iPhone and the iPad, two of the company’s most successful products.

The story of the Apple Newton can teach us another important lesson about failure. Not only should we try to learn from it; if we want to succeed, we must also bepersistent. Though Apple stopped selling the Newton in 1998, the first iPhone wasn’t available until 2007. It took a lot of research and hard work to go from the Apple Newton to iPhone, but in the end, the effort paid off.

Ultimately, there is a lot we can learn by studying mistakes. Perhaps the most important lesson is that failure and success are two sides of the same coin. One truly cannot exist without the other

PASSAGE 2
Questions 11-20

A new road that connects the Pacific with the Atlantic could bring riches – and environmental ruin.

Bridging a Continent
In early 2012, the Transoceanic Highway opened to public vehicles for the first time. A dream of Peru’s leaders since the 1950s, work on the vast network of roads and bridges began in 2006 and was completed in late 2011. Today, the east-west passageway spans 2,600 kilometers (1,600 miles). From Peru’s Pacific Ocean coastline, it continues across the Andes Mountains and through a large part of the Amazon rain forest in the Peruvian state of Madre de Dios. It then travels into Brazil, where it connects with a network of existing highways to the Atlantic.

Improving People’s Lives
In addition to making travel faster and easier, supporters say the highway will also be good for business. There is enormous demand in North America and Asia for Brazilian and Peruvian products, including soybeans, beef, and gold. A number of companies in Cusco and Puerto Maldonado also sell wood to different corners of the world. Many of these companies transport their lumber to the Pacific, where it travels by ship to other countries. Thanks to the highway, wood can now reach the Pacific in days; in the past, it could take a week or more. This lowers costs and allows the wood to reach a company’s customers sooner, and also in better condition.In the long run, say many business owners, this will mean more profit.

Environmental Challenges
Despite the highway’s many potential benefits, environmentalists are concerned. The Transoceanic passes directly through a large part of the Amazon rain forest, in the state of Madre de Dios in Peru. According to a Peruvian government study, the forested area in the western mountains of this state has the greatest biodiversity of any place on Earth, and until recently, large parts of the forest were in pristine condition. As more people are moving into the region, environmentalists are worrying about the impact this will have on the Amazon’s plants and animals, many of which are found nowhere else.

Shortly after the highway opened, large numbers of people began coming into Puerto Maldonado from all over Peru – and the world – to mine gold. There’s a lot of money to be made in mining, as well as in farming, says environmental photographer Gabby Salazar. “I think we’re going to see a big increase in farming,” she says. “Right across the border in Brazil, you see soybean farms all over the place.” Studies show three-quarters of the deforestation of the Brazilian Amazon occurs within 50 kilometers (30 miles) of a highway, and environmentalists like salazar are concerned that the same thing will happen in Peru. “It’s having an impact on the environment,” she explains. “It’s having an impact on the people as well.”

Faced withthese risks, many Peruvians talk about the importance of being practical. “In rural Peru, a lot of people are living in poverty, so it’s very difficult to say don’t build the highway.” explains Roger Mustalish, president of the Amazon Center for Environmental Education and Research. “But every time you see a road like this going through, you soon see major changes.” Will these changes be mostly positive or negative? Many Peruvians are hopeful, but only time will tell.

PASSAGE 2
Questions 11-20

A new road that connects the Pacific with the Atlantic could bring riches – and environmental ruin.

Bridging a Continent
In early 2012, the Transoceanic Highway opened to public vehicles for the first time. A dream of Peru’s leaders since the 1950s, work on the vast network of roads and bridges began in 2006 and was completed in late 2011. Today, the east-west passageway spans 2,600 kilometers (1,600 miles). From Peru’s Pacific Ocean coastline, it continues across the Andes Mountains and through a large part of the Amazon rain forest in the Peruvian state of Madre de Dios. It then travels into Brazil, where it connects with a network of existing highways to the Atlantic.

Improving People’s Lives
In addition to making travel faster and easier, supporters say the highway will also be good for business. There is enormous demand in North America and Asia for Brazilian and Peruvian products, including soybeans, beef, and gold. A number of companies in Cusco and Puerto Maldonado also sell wood to different corners of the world. Many of these companies transport their lumber to the Pacific, where it travels by ship to other countries. Thanks to the highway, wood can now reach the Pacific in days; in the past, it could take a week or more. This lowers costs and allows the wood to reach a company’s customers sooner, and also in better condition.In the long run, say many business owners, this will mean more profit.

Environmental Challenges
Despite the highway’s many potential benefits, environmentalists are concerned. The Transoceanic passes directly through a large part of the Amazon rain forest, in the state of Madre de Dios in Peru. According to a Peruvian government study, the forested area in the western mountains of this state has the greatest biodiversity of any place on Earth, and until recently, large parts of the forest were in pristine condition. As more people are moving into the region, environmentalists are worrying about the impact this will have on the Amazon’s plants and animals, many of which are found nowhere else.

Shortly after the highway opened, large numbers of people began coming into Puerto Maldonado from all over Peru – and the world – to mine gold. There’s a lot of money to be made in mining, as well as in farming, says environmental photographer Gabby Salazar. “I think we’re going to see a big increase in farming,” she says. “Right across the border in Brazil, you see soybean farms all over the place.” Studies show three-quarters of the deforestation of the Brazilian Amazon occurs within 50 kilometers (30 miles) of a highway, and environmentalists like salazar are concerned that the same thing will happen in Peru. “It’s having an impact on the environment,” she explains. “It’s having an impact on the people as well.”

Faced withthese risks, many Peruvians talk about the importance of being practical. “In rural Peru, a lot of people are living in poverty, so it’s very difficult to say don’t build the highway.” explains Roger Mustalish, president of the Amazon Center for Environmental Education and Research. “But every time you see a road like this going through, you soon see major changes.” Will these changes be mostly positive or negative? Many Peruvians are hopeful, but only time will tell.

PASSAGE 2
Questions 11-20

A new road that connects the Pacific with the Atlantic could bring riches – and environmental ruin.

Bridging a Continent
In early 2012, the Transoceanic Highway opened to public vehicles for the first time. A dream of Peru’s leaders since the 1950s, work on the vast network of roads and bridges began in 2006 and was completed in late 2011. Today, the east-west passageway spans 2,600 kilometers (1,600 miles). From Peru’s Pacific Ocean coastline, it continues across the Andes Mountains and through a large part of the Amazon rain forest in the Peruvian state of Madre de Dios. It then travels into Brazil, where it connects with a network of existing highways to the Atlantic.

Improving People’s Lives
In addition to making travel faster and easier, supporters say the highway will also be good for business. There is enormous demand in North America and Asia for Brazilian and Peruvian products, including soybeans, beef, and gold. A number of companies in Cusco and Puerto Maldonado also sell wood to different corners of the world. Many of these companies transport their lumber to the Pacific, where it travels by ship to other countries. Thanks to the highway, wood can now reach the Pacific in days; in the past, it could take a week or more. This lowers costs and allows the wood to reach a company’s customers sooner, and also in better condition.In the long run, say many business owners, this will mean more profit.

Environmental Challenges
Despite the highway’s many potential benefits, environmentalists are concerned. The Transoceanic passes directly through a large part of the Amazon rain forest, in the state of Madre de Dios in Peru. According to a Peruvian government study, the forested area in the western mountains of this state has the greatest biodiversity of any place on Earth, and until recently, large parts of the forest were in pristine condition. As more people are moving into the region, environmentalists are worrying about the impact this will have on the Amazon’s plants and animals, many of which are found nowhere else.

Shortly after the highway opened, large numbers of people began coming into Puerto Maldonado from all over Peru – and the world – to mine gold. There’s a lot of money to be made in mining, as well as in farming, says environmental photographer Gabby Salazar. “I think we’re going to see a big increase in farming,” she says. “Right across the border in Brazil, you see soybean farms all over the place.” Studies show three-quarters of the deforestation of the Brazilian Amazon occurs within 50 kilometers (30 miles) of a highway, and environmentalists like salazar are concerned that the same thing will happen in Peru. “It’s having an impact on the environment,” she explains. “It’s having an impact on the people as well.”

Faced withthese risks, many Peruvians talk about the importance of being practical. “In rural Peru, a lot of people are living in poverty, so it’s very difficult to say don’t build the highway.” explains Roger Mustalish, president of the Amazon Center for Environmental Education and Research. “But every time you see a road like this going through, you soon see major changes.” Will these changes be mostly positive or negative? Many Peruvians are hopeful, but only time will tell.

PASSAGE 2
Questions 11-20

A new road that connects the Pacific with the Atlantic could bring riches – and environmental ruin.

Bridging a Continent
In early 2012, the Transoceanic Highway opened to public vehicles for the first time. A dream of Peru’s leaders since the 1950s, work on the vast network of roads and bridges began in 2006 and was completed in late 2011. Today, the east-west passageway spans 2,600 kilometers (1,600 miles). From Peru’s Pacific Ocean coastline, it continues across the Andes Mountains and through a large part of the Amazon rain forest in the Peruvian state of Madre de Dios. It then travels into Brazil, where it connects with a network of existing highways to the Atlantic.

Improving People’s Lives
In addition to making travel faster and easier, supporters say the highway will also be good for business. There is enormous demand in North America and Asia for Brazilian and Peruvian products, including soybeans, beef, and gold. A number of companies in Cusco and Puerto Maldonado also sell wood to different corners of the world. Many of these companies transport their lumber to the Pacific, where it travels by ship to other countries. Thanks to the highway, wood can now reach the Pacific in days; in the past, it could take a week or more. This lowers costs and allows the wood to reach a company’s customers sooner, and also in better condition.In the long run, say many business owners, this will mean more profit.

Environmental Challenges
Despite the highway’s many potential benefits, environmentalists are concerned. The Transoceanic passes directly through a large part of the Amazon rain forest, in the state of Madre de Dios in Peru. According to a Peruvian government study, the forested area in the western mountains of this state has the greatest biodiversity of any place on Earth, and until recently, large parts of the forest were in pristine condition. As more people are moving into the region, environmentalists are worrying about the impact this will have on the Amazon’s plants and animals, many of which are found nowhere else.

Shortly after the highway opened, large numbers of people began coming into Puerto Maldonado from all over Peru – and the world – to mine gold. There’s a lot of money to be made in mining, as well as in farming, says environmental photographer Gabby Salazar. “I think we’re going to see a big increase in farming,” she says. “Right across the border in Brazil, you see soybean farms all over the place.” Studies show three-quarters of the deforestation of the Brazilian Amazon occurs within 50 kilometers (30 miles) of a highway, and environmentalists like salazar are concerned that the same thing will happen in Peru. “It’s having an impact on the environment,” she explains. “It’s having an impact on the people as well.”

Faced withthese risks, many Peruvians talk about the importance of being practical. “In rural Peru, a lot of people are living in poverty, so it’s very difficult to say don’t build the highway.” explains Roger Mustalish, president of the Amazon Center for Environmental Education and Research. “But every time you see a road like this going through, you soon see major changes.” Will these changes be mostly positive or negative? Many Peruvians are hopeful, but only time will tell.

PASSAGE 2
Questions 11-20

A new road that connects the Pacific with the Atlantic could bring riches – and environmental ruin.

Bridging a Continent
In early 2012, the Transoceanic Highway opened to public vehicles for the first time. A dream of Peru’s leaders since the 1950s, work on the vast network of roads and bridges began in 2006 and was completed in late 2011. Today, the east-west passageway spans 2,600 kilometers (1,600 miles). From Peru’s Pacific Ocean coastline, it continues across the Andes Mountains and through a large part of the Amazon rain forest in the Peruvian state of Madre de Dios. It then travels into Brazil, where it connects with a network of existing highways to the Atlantic.

Improving People’s Lives
In addition to making travel faster and easier, supporters say the highway will also be good for business. There is enormous demand in North America and Asia for Brazilian and Peruvian products, including soybeans, beef, and gold. A number of companies in Cusco and Puerto Maldonado also sell wood to different corners of the world. Many of these companies transport their lumber to the Pacific, where it travels by ship to other countries. Thanks to the highway, wood can now reach the Pacific in days; in the past, it could take a week or more. This lowers costs and allows the wood to reach a company’s customers sooner, and also in better condition.In the long run, say many business owners, this will mean more profit.

Environmental Challenges
Despite the highway’s many potential benefits, environmentalists are concerned. The Transoceanic passes directly through a large part of the Amazon rain forest, in the state of Madre de Dios in Peru. According to a Peruvian government study, the forested area in the western mountains of this state has the greatest biodiversity of any place on Earth, and until recently, large parts of the forest were in pristine condition. As more people are moving into the region, environmentalists are worrying about the impact this will have on the Amazon’s plants and animals, many of which are found nowhere else.

Shortly after the highway opened, large numbers of people began coming into Puerto Maldonado from all over Peru – and the world – to mine gold. There’s a lot of money to be made in mining, as well as in farming, says environmental photographer Gabby Salazar. “I think we’re going to see a big increase in farming,” she says. “Right across the border in Brazil, you see soybean farms all over the place.” Studies show three-quarters of the deforestation of the Brazilian Amazon occurs within 50 kilometers (30 miles) of a highway, and environmentalists like salazar are concerned that the same thing will happen in Peru. “It’s having an impact on the environment,” she explains. “It’s having an impact on the people as well.”

Faced withthese risks, many Peruvians talk about the importance of being practical. “In rural Peru, a lot of people are living in poverty, so it’s very difficult to say don’t build the highway.” explains Roger Mustalish, president of the Amazon Center for Environmental Education and Research. “But every time you see a road like this going through, you soon see major changes.” Will these changes be mostly positive or negative? Many Peruvians are hopeful, but only time will tell.

PASSAGE 2
Questions 11-20

A new road that connects the Pacific with the Atlantic could bring riches – and environmental ruin.

Bridging a Continent
In early 2012, the Transoceanic Highway opened to public vehicles for the first time. A dream of Peru’s leaders since the 1950s, work on the vast network of roads and bridges began in 2006 and was completed in late 2011. Today, the east-west passageway spans 2,600 kilometers (1,600 miles). From Peru’s Pacific Ocean coastline, it continues across the Andes Mountains and through a large part of the Amazon rain forest in the Peruvian state of Madre de Dios. It then travels into Brazil, where it connects with a network of existing highways to the Atlantic.

Improving People’s Lives
In addition to making travel faster and easier, supporters say the highway will also be good for business. There is enormous demand in North America and Asia for Brazilian and Peruvian products, including soybeans, beef, and gold. A number of companies in Cusco and Puerto Maldonado also sell wood to different corners of the world. Many of these companies transport their lumber to the Pacific, where it travels by ship to other countries. Thanks to the highway, wood can now reach the Pacific in days; in the past, it could take a week or more. This lowers costs and allows the wood to reach a company’s customers sooner, and also in better condition.In the long run, say many business owners, this will mean more profit.

Environmental Challenges
Despite the highway’s many potential benefits, environmentalists are concerned. The Transoceanic passes directly through a large part of the Amazon rain forest, in the state of Madre de Dios in Peru. According to a Peruvian government study, the forested area in the western mountains of this state has the greatest biodiversity of any place on Earth, and until recently, large parts of the forest were in pristine condition. As more people are moving into the region, environmentalists are worrying about the impact this will have on the Amazon’s plants and animals, many of which are found nowhere else.

Shortly after the highway opened, large numbers of people began coming into Puerto Maldonado from all over Peru – and the world – to mine gold. There’s a lot of money to be made in mining, as well as in farming, says environmental photographer Gabby Salazar. “I think we’re going to see a big increase in farming,” she says. “Right across the border in Brazil, you see soybean farms all over the place.” Studies show three-quarters of the deforestation of the Brazilian Amazon occurs within 50 kilometers (30 miles) of a highway, and environmentalists like salazar are concerned that the same thing will happen in Peru. “It’s having an impact on the environment,” she explains. “It’s having an impact on the people as well.”

Faced withthese risks, many Peruvians talk about the importance of being practical. “In rural Peru, a lot of people are living in poverty, so it’s very difficult to say don’t build the highway.” explains Roger Mustalish, president of the Amazon Center for Environmental Education and Research. “But every time you see a road like this going through, you soon see major changes.” Will these changes be mostly positive or negative? Many Peruvians are hopeful, but only time will tell.

PASSAGE 2
Questions 11-20

A new road that connects the Pacific with the Atlantic could bring riches – and environmental ruin.

Bridging a Continent
In early 2012, the Transoceanic Highway opened to public vehicles for the first time. A dream of Peru’s leaders since the 1950s, work on the vast network of roads and bridges began in 2006 and was completed in late 2011. Today, the east-west passageway spans 2,600 kilometers (1,600 miles). From Peru’s Pacific Ocean coastline, it continues across the Andes Mountains and through a large part of the Amazon rain forest in the Peruvian state of Madre de Dios. It then travels into Brazil, where it connects with a network of existing highways to the Atlantic.

Improving People’s Lives
In addition to making travel faster and easier, supporters say the highway will also be good for business. There is enormous demand in North America and Asia for Brazilian and Peruvian products, including soybeans, beef, and gold. A number of companies in Cusco and Puerto Maldonado also sell wood to different corners of the world. Many of these companies transport their lumber to the Pacific, where it travels by ship to other countries. Thanks to the highway, wood can now reach the Pacific in days; in the past, it could take a week or more. This lowers costs and allows the wood to reach a company’s customers sooner, and also in better condition.In the long run, say many business owners, this will mean more profit.

Environmental Challenges
Despite the highway’s many potential benefits, environmentalists are concerned. The Transoceanic passes directly through a large part of the Amazon rain forest, in the state of Madre de Dios in Peru. According to a Peruvian government study, the forested area in the western mountains of this state has the greatest biodiversity of any place on Earth, and until recently, large parts of the forest were in pristine condition. As more people are moving into the region, environmentalists are worrying about the impact this will have on the Amazon’s plants and animals, many of which are found nowhere else.

Shortly after the highway opened, large numbers of people began coming into Puerto Maldonado from all over Peru – and the world – to mine gold. There’s a lot of money to be made in mining, as well as in farming, says environmental photographer Gabby Salazar. “I think we’re going to see a big increase in farming,” she says. “Right across the border in Brazil, you see soybean farms all over the place.” Studies show three-quarters of the deforestation of the Brazilian Amazon occurs within 50 kilometers (30 miles) of a highway, and environmentalists like salazar are concerned that the same thing will happen in Peru. “It’s having an impact on the environment,” she explains. “It’s having an impact on the people as well.”

Faced withthese risks, many Peruvians talk about the importance of being practical. “In rural Peru, a lot of people are living in poverty, so it’s very difficult to say don’t build the highway.” explains Roger Mustalish, president of the Amazon Center for Environmental Education and Research. “But every time you see a road like this going through, you soon see major changes.” Will these changes be mostly positive or negative? Many Peruvians are hopeful, but only time will tell.

PASSAGE 2
Questions 11-20

A new road that connects the Pacific with the Atlantic could bring riches – and environmental ruin.

Bridging a Continent
In early 2012, the Transoceanic Highway opened to public vehicles for the first time. A dream of Peru’s leaders since the 1950s, work on the vast network of roads and bridges began in 2006 and was completed in late 2011. Today, the east-west passageway spans 2,600 kilometers (1,600 miles). From Peru’s Pacific Ocean coastline, it continues across the Andes Mountains and through a large part of the Amazon rain forest in the Peruvian state of Madre de Dios. It then travels into Brazil, where it connects with a network of existing highways to the Atlantic.

Improving People’s Lives
In addition to making travel faster and easier, supporters say the highway will also be good for business. There is enormous demand in North America and Asia for Brazilian and Peruvian products, including soybeans, beef, and gold. A number of companies in Cusco and Puerto Maldonado also sell wood to different corners of the world. Many of these companies transport their lumber to the Pacific, where it travels by ship to other countries. Thanks to the highway, wood can now reach the Pacific in days; in the past, it could take a week or more. This lowers costs and allows the wood to reach a company’s customers sooner, and also in better condition.In the long run, say many business owners, this will mean more profit.

Environmental Challenges
Despite the highway’s many potential benefits, environmentalists are concerned. The Transoceanic passes directly through a large part of the Amazon rain forest, in the state of Madre de Dios in Peru. According to a Peruvian government study, the forested area in the western mountains of this state has the greatest biodiversity of any place on Earth, and until recently, large parts of the forest were in pristine condition. As more people are moving into the region, environmentalists are worrying about the impact this will have on the Amazon’s plants and animals, many of which are found nowhere else.

Shortly after the highway opened, large numbers of people began coming into Puerto Maldonado from all over Peru – and the world – to mine gold. There’s a lot of money to be made in mining, as well as in farming, says environmental photographer Gabby Salazar. “I think we’re going to see a big increase in farming,” she says. “Right across the border in Brazil, you see soybean farms all over the place.” Studies show three-quarters of the deforestation of the Brazilian Amazon occurs within 50 kilometers (30 miles) of a highway, and environmentalists like salazar are concerned that the same thing will happen in Peru. “It’s having an impact on the environment,” she explains. “It’s having an impact on the people as well.”

Faced withthese risks, many Peruvians talk about the importance of being practical. “In rural Peru, a lot of people are living in poverty, so it’s very difficult to say don’t build the highway.” explains Roger Mustalish, president of the Amazon Center for Environmental Education and Research. “But every time you see a road like this going through, you soon see major changes.” Will these changes be mostly positive or negative? Many Peruvians are hopeful, but only time will tell.

PASSAGE 2
Questions 11-20

A new road that connects the Pacific with the Atlantic could bring riches – and environmental ruin.

Bridging a Continent
In early 2012, the Transoceanic Highway opened to public vehicles for the first time. A dream of Peru’s leaders since the 1950s, work on the vast network of roads and bridges began in 2006 and was completed in late 2011. Today, the east-west passageway spans 2,600 kilometers (1,600 miles). From Peru’s Pacific Ocean coastline, it continues across the Andes Mountains and through a large part of the Amazon rain forest in the Peruvian state of Madre de Dios. It then travels into Brazil, where it connects with a network of existing highways to the Atlantic.

Improving People’s Lives
In addition to making travel faster and easier, supporters say the highway will also be good for business. There is enormous demand in North America and Asia for Brazilian and Peruvian products, including soybeans, beef, and gold. A number of companies in Cusco and Puerto Maldonado also sell wood to different corners of the world. Many of these companies transport their lumber to the Pacific, where it travels by ship to other countries. Thanks to the highway, wood can now reach the Pacific in days; in the past, it could take a week or more. This lowers costs and allows the wood to reach a company’s customers sooner, and also in better condition.In the long run, say many business owners, this will mean more profit.

Environmental Challenges
Despite the highway’s many potential benefits, environmentalists are concerned. The Transoceanic passes directly through a large part of the Amazon rain forest, in the state of Madre de Dios in Peru. According to a Peruvian government study, the forested area in the western mountains of this state has the greatest biodiversity of any place on Earth, and until recently, large parts of the forest were in pristine condition. As more people are moving into the region, environmentalists are worrying about the impact this will have on the Amazon’s plants and animals, many of which are found nowhere else.

Shortly after the highway opened, large numbers of people began coming into Puerto Maldonado from all over Peru – and the world – to mine gold. There’s a lot of money to be made in mining, as well as in farming, says environmental photographer Gabby Salazar. “I think we’re going to see a big increase in farming,” she says. “Right across the border in Brazil, you see soybean farms all over the place.” Studies show three-quarters of the deforestation of the Brazilian Amazon occurs within 50 kilometers (30 miles) of a highway, and environmentalists like salazar are concerned that the same thing will happen in Peru. “It’s having an impact on the environment,” she explains. “It’s having an impact on the people as well.”

Faced withthese risks, many Peruvians talk about the importance of being practical. “In rural Peru, a lot of people are living in poverty, so it’s very difficult to say don’t build the highway.” explains Roger Mustalish, president of the Amazon Center for Environmental Education and Research. “But every time you see a road like this going through, you soon see major changes.” Will these changes be mostly positive or negative? Many Peruvians are hopeful, but only time will tell.

PASSAGE 2
Questions 11-20

A new road that connects the Pacific with the Atlantic could bring riches – and environmental ruin.

Bridging a Continent
In early 2012, the Transoceanic Highway opened to public vehicles for the first time. A dream of Peru’s leaders since the 1950s, work on the vast network of roads and bridges began in 2006 and was completed in late 2011. Today, the east-west passageway spans 2,600 kilometers (1,600 miles). From Peru’s Pacific Ocean coastline, it continues across the Andes Mountains and through a large part of the Amazon rain forest in the Peruvian state of Madre de Dios. It then travels into Brazil, where it connects with a network of existing highways to the Atlantic.

Improving People’s Lives
In addition to making travel faster and easier, supporters say the highway will also be good for business. There is enormous demand in North America and Asia for Brazilian and Peruvian products, including soybeans, beef, and gold. A number of companies in Cusco and Puerto Maldonado also sell wood to different corners of the world. Many of these companies transport their lumber to the Pacific, where it travels by ship to other countries. Thanks to the highway, wood can now reach the Pacific in days; in the past, it could take a week or more. This lowers costs and allows the wood to reach a company’s customers sooner, and also in better condition.In the long run, say many business owners, this will mean more profit.

Environmental Challenges
Despite the highway’s many potential benefits, environmentalists are concerned. The Transoceanic passes directly through a large part of the Amazon rain forest, in the state of Madre de Dios in Peru. According to a Peruvian government study, the forested area in the western mountains of this state has the greatest biodiversity of any place on Earth, and until recently, large parts of the forest were in pristine condition. As more people are moving into the region, environmentalists are worrying about the impact this will have on the Amazon’s plants and animals, many of which are found nowhere else.

Shortly after the highway opened, large numbers of people began coming into Puerto Maldonado from all over Peru – and the world – to mine gold. There’s a lot of money to be made in mining, as well as in farming, says environmental photographer Gabby Salazar. “I think we’re going to see a big increase in farming,” she says. “Right across the border in Brazil, you see soybean farms all over the place.” Studies show three-quarters of the deforestation of the Brazilian Amazon occurs within 50 kilometers (30 miles) of a highway, and environmentalists like salazar are concerned that the same thing will happen in Peru. “It’s having an impact on the environment,” she explains. “It’s having an impact on the people as well.”

Faced withthese risks, many Peruvians talk about the importance of being practical. “In rural Peru, a lot of people are living in poverty, so it’s very difficult to say don’t build the highway.” explains Roger Mustalish, president of the Amazon Center for Environmental Education and Research. “But every time you see a road like this going through, you soon see major changes.” Will these changes be mostly positive or negative? Many Peruvians are hopeful, but only time will tell.